Tsarin samar da safar hannu mai ƙarancin halogen ya fi rikitarwa fiye da safar hannu na nitrile na yau da kullun, wanda galibi ke nuna shi a cikin sarrafa abubuwan halogen, zaɓin kayan aiki, da inganta tsarin samarwa. Ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da wahalhalun tsari, manyan hanyoyin haɗi da ƙalubalen fasaha:
I. Rikicewar tsarin samarwa
1. Zaɓin kayan da aka yi amfani da su sosai
- Sayen roba mai ƙarancin halogen nitrile butadiene latex:
Latex na roba na nitrile butadiene na yau da kullun na iya amfani da masu farawa masu ɗauke da halogen, masu emulsifiers ko masu haɓaka sinadarai (kamar mahaɗan da ke ɗauke da chlorine) yayin polymerization, yayin da tsarin low-halogen yana buƙatar ɗaukar tsarin farawa mara halogen/low-halogen (kamar peroxodisulphate maimakon mai farawa mai ɗauke da chlorine) ko don cire sauran halogen ta hanyar tsarin tsarkakewa a wani mataki na gaba.
Iyakokin wakilan daidaitawa:
Masu samar da sinadarin Sulfur, masu haɓaka sinadarai, antioxidants da sauran ƙarin sinadarai suna buƙatar guje wa masu ɗauke da halogen (kamar masu hana harshen wuta mai ɗauke da bromine, masu haɓaka sinadarai masu ɗauke da chlorine), kuma suna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin sinadarai masu cutarwa ga muhalli (kamar tsarin vulcanization marasa halogen, masu haɗa sinadarai na silane, da sauransu), waɗanda suka fi tsada kuma sun fi wahalar daidaita aikin ƙarin sinadaran. 2.
2. Kula da halogen a cikin tsarin samarwa
- Inganta tsarin polymerization:
Haɗakar polymerization na NBR (kamar polymerization na emulsion) yana buƙatar sarrafa zafin jiki, matsin lamba da lokacin amsawa daidai, don rage samar da samfuran da suka lalace (kamar hydrocarbons masu halogenated). Tsarin ƙananan halogen na iya buƙatar tsawaita lokacin amsawa ko rarrabuwar polymerization, ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi da sarkakiyar sarrafawa.
Tsaftacewa da tsarkakewa:
Bayan polymerization, ana buƙatar wanke latex da ruwa mai matakai da yawa, rabuwar centrifugal da sauran hanyoyin don cire sauran monomers da ƙari masu halogen, safar hannu na yau da kullun na iya buƙatar sau 1-2 kawai don wankewa, yayin da safar hannu masu ƙarancin halogen suna buƙatar sau 3-5 ko fiye, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ingancin samarwa da ƙaruwar farashin maganin sharar gida.
Halaye na musamman na tsarin bushewa:
Tsarin busarwa yana buƙatar guje wa lalacewar kayan aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa don samar da mahaɗan halogen, yana iya buƙatar amfani da fasahar busarwa mai ƙarancin zafi ko fasahar busarwa ta injin tsotsa don tsawaita zagayowar samarwa.
3. Babban matakin dubawa mai inganci
- Dubawa daidai na abubuwan halogen:
Ana buƙatar kayan aikin dubawa masu inganci (misali ion chromatograph, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) don yin nazarin adadin Cl da Br na kowane rukuni na samfurin (iyakan ganowa yana buƙatar ya kasance a matakin ppm), yayin da za a iya duba safar hannu na yau da kullun kawai don halayensu na zahiri (misali ƙarfin tauri da tsawaitawa lokacin da ya fashe).
Daidaiton aiki mai girma da yawa:
Maganin ƙarancin halogen na iya shafar halayen injina na safar hannu (misali, laushi, juriya ga huda), kuma ya zama dole a daidaita dabarar (misali, ƙara na'urorin filastik na musamman, masu ƙarfafawa) don daidaita ƙarancin halogen, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da jin daɗi, wanda ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na gwaje-gwaje da inganta sigogi.
Matakan aiwatar da samar da muhimman abubuwa
Misali, a yi amfani da safofin hannu na nitrile butadiene masu ƙarancin halogen ta hanyar amfani da hanyar leaching, tsarin da wahalhalun sune kamar haka:
1. Shirye-shiryen latex
-Shirin latex mai ƙarancin halogen:
Zaɓi latex na roba mai ƙarancin halogen nitrile butadiene (halogen ≤ 150ppm), ƙara maganin vulcanizing mara halogen (misali zinc oxide + tsarin rawaya na sulfur), masu saurin haɓaka ba tare da halogen ba (misali hyposulfonamides), maganin hana kumburi (misali phenyl naphthyl amines), a gauraya sosai sannan a tace don cire ƙazanta.
- Matsaloli: rashin daidaiton watsawa na ƙarin abubuwa na iya haifar da rashin cikar vulcanization ko canje-canje a cikin aiki, ana buƙatar kayan aikin emulsification mai ƙarfi.
2. Maganin Mould
- Shafawa kafin a fara magani:
Ya kamata a tsoma ƙura a shafa masa sinadarin sakin da ba ya haifar da halogen (misali sitaci ko maganin cellulose) da farko don guje wa mannewa yayin sakin safar hannu, safar hannu na yau da kullun na iya amfani da sinadarin sakin halogen (misali paraffin mai sinadarin chlorine).
3. Tsoma safar hannu da kuma yin vulcanization
- Rage kashi-kashi:
Da farko, a tsoma a shafa faranti (don inganta mannewa), sannan a tsoma latex don samar da jikin safar hannu, wani ɓangare na aikin yana buƙatar a tsoma sau da yawa don ƙara kauri, sannan a bushe bayan kowace tsoma (zafin jiki ≤80℃, don guje wa tasirin halogenation).
Tsarin Vulcanization:
Zafin vulcanization na safar hannu na nitrile na gargajiya yana da kusan 120-150℃, yayin da tsarin halogen mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na iya buƙatar ƙarancin zafin jiki da kuma vulcanization na dogon lokaci (misali 100℃ × mintuna 60) don rage rugujewar ƙarin abubuwa don samar da mahaɗan halogen a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki.
4. Wankewa da busarwa
- Wanke matakai da yawa:
Bayan an wanke safar hannu da ruwan da aka cire daga jiki, ya kamata a wanke ta da ruwan da aka cire daga jiki fiye da sau 3 domin cire sauran kayan taimako da kuma sinadaran halogen masu narkewa, sannan a wanke ta da ruwan centrifugal bayan kowace wankewa.
Busarwa:
Yi amfani da busar da iska mai zafi (zafin jiki ≤ 90 ℃) ko busar da injin tsotsa don tabbatar da cewa danshi ya kai <1%, don guje wa ƙaura daga ions na halogen a cikin yanayi mai danshi.
5. Gwaji da marufi
- Gwajin Halogen:
Samfurin bazuwar kowane tsari don gwada abun ciki na Cl-, Br- (idan an yi amfani da ion chromatography, iyakokin yawanci sune Cl ≤ 900 ppm, Br ≤ 900 ppm, da jimlar halogens ≤ 1500 ppm).
- Gwajin aiki:
Ƙarfin taurin kai (≥14MPa), tsawaitawa a lokacin da yagewa (≥600%), juriyar hudawa (≥10N) da sauran fihirisa ya kamata su yi daidai da ASTM D6319 da sauran ƙa'idodi.
III. Kalubalen Fasaha da Matsayin Masana'antu
1. Daidaito tsakanin farashi da inganci
Saboda tsadar kayan aiki da kuma tsawon lokacin aiki, farashin samar da aikin samar da kayan halogen mai ƙarancin halogen ya fi na safar hannu na nitrile na yau da kullun da kashi 20%-30%, kuma ƙarfin samarwa ya ragu da kusan kashi 15% (misali tsawon lokacin wankewa da bushewa).
2. Haɗarin lalacewar aiki
Ingancin vulcanization na wasu ƙarin sinadarai marasa halogen ya yi ƙasa da na gargajiya masu ɗauke da halogen, wanda zai iya haifar da raguwar juriyar safar hannu, kuma yana buƙatar a biya shi ta hanyar nano-fillers (misali, silica) ko fasahar haɗa haɗin gwiwa.
3. Dokokin muhalli suna ci gaba da aiki
Takaita Amfani da Wasu Abubuwa Masu Haɗari a cikin Umarnin Kayan Lantarki da na Lantarki (RoHS), Hukumar Fasaha ta Duniya (IEC) da sauran ƙa'idodi da suka wajaba a yi amfani da kayan halogen marasa halogen a fagen lantarki don haɓaka tsarin haɓakawa.
4. Babban yawan masana'antu
A halin yanzu, safar hannu na nitrile mai ƙarancin halogen a duniya galibi Top Glove na Malaysia, Ansell na Amurka da sauran manyan kamfanoni ne ke samar da su. Kamfanonin cikin gida kamar Lanshan Medical da Ingenics Medical suna karya shingen fasaha mai ƙarancin halogen a hankali.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-27-2025